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中文摘要：

随着积极心理学的兴起，青少年的积极发展成为了心理学研究的热点问题。主观幸福感作为个体积极发展的重要指标之一，是指个体对当前生活质量总体感受，对青少年的身体健康、学业成就和亲社会行为等方面有着显著的促进作用。初中生正处于青春期这样一个“暴风骤雨”的特殊阶段，他们的情绪稳定性较差，此时的主观幸福感与童年时期相比有所下降。因此，如何提升青少年主观幸福感是一个值得探讨的研究问题。 人际交往是人类的基本需求之一，每个人都期待在与他人交往中多获得些支持，少发生些冲突。但个体在与他人的互动中支持与冲突往往同时存在，并对个体的情绪体验有着重要影响。前人研究大多探讨的是社会支持对于主观幸福感的促进作用，对人际冲突这一主观幸福感的风险因素关注不足；并且缺乏追踪研究对社会支持、人际冲突和主观幸福感之间的相互作用进行探讨。本研究以人际互动中的支持与冲突为切入点，关注是寻求支持还是减少冲突更能提升青少年的主观幸福感。友谊对青少年社会性的发展有着重要作用，而家庭对于青少年的影响也十分长远，所以本研究将在家庭和同伴系统的视角下，深入探讨支持与冲突对于青少年主观幸福感的内部影响机制及其性别差异。 本研究通过对北京市1881名初一年级学生进行间隔一年的追踪测查，在家庭系统和同伴系统的视角下展开了如下四个研究：研究一探讨了家庭支持、亲子冲突与青少年主观幸福感的相互作用；研究二探讨了朋友支持、朋友冲突与青少年主观幸福感的相互作用；研究三则在研究一和研究二的基础上，探讨家庭支持、亲子冲突、朋友支持、朋友冲突对青少年主观幸福感的内部影响机制及其性别差异；研究四通过对北京市28名初中生进行访谈，在家庭、同伴系统的视角下深入挖掘支持和冲突对青少年主观幸福感的影响机制及其背后的具体原因。主要结论如下： （1）家庭支持显著正向预测青少年一年后的主观幸福感，亲子冲突显著负向预测青少年一年后的主观幸福感。青少年主观幸福感显著正向预测一年后的家庭支持，不显著预测一年后的亲子冲突。与亲子冲突相比，家庭支持对青少年一年后的主观幸福感的相对预测作用更大。 （2）朋友支持显著正向预测青少年一年后的主观幸福感，朋友冲突显著负向预测青少年一年后的主观幸福感。青少年主观幸福感显著正向预测一年后的朋友支持，不显著预测一年后的朋友冲突。与朋友冲突相比，朋友支持对青少年一年后的主观幸福感的相对预测作用更大。 （3）家庭和同伴系统中的支持与冲突对青少年主观幸福感的预测作用存在一定的性别差异，具体表现为家庭支持和朋友冲突对男生和女生一年后的主观幸福感均有显著预测作用，但朋友支持仅能显著预测男生一年后的主观幸福感，亲子冲突仅能显著预测女生一年后的主观幸福感。对于男生和女生，家庭支持均可缓解朋友冲突对青少年主观幸福感的负向影响，与缓冲模型相符。但增强模式（家庭支持和朋友支持交互作用）仅在男生群体显著。 （4）在访谈中发现，家人会给予中学生关于朋友交往方面的建议，并且能调解孩子的朋友冲突，但朋友难以协助调解个体与父母的冲突，所以家庭支持可缓解朋友冲突的不利影响，而朋友支持难以缓解亲子冲突的负面影响。

﹀外文摘要：

With the rise of positive psychology, the positive development of adolescents has become a popular research topic in the field of psychology. As one of the most important indexes of individual’s positive development, subjective well-being refers to individual’s overall feelings of the quality of current life, which plays a significant role in promoting adolescents’ physical health, academic performance and prosocial behavior. Junior high school students are in such a special “stormy” period, during which their emotional stability is likely to be poor, and the level of subjective well-being in adolescence might decrease compared with that in childhood. Therefore, how to improve the level of subjective well-being in adolescents is a research topic worthy of discussing. Interpersonal relationship is one of basic needs in human beings, and everybody is looking forward to obtaining more support and less conflicts when getting along with others. However, when individual interacts with others, supports and conflicts could exist at the same time and play important roles on personal emotion.Most of prior studies explored the effect of social support on subjective well-being, and there were fewer studies focusing on the effect of interpersonal conflict, which was viewed as a kind of risk factor, on subjective well-being. In addition, previous studies tend to be cross-sectional, thus lack research on examining bidirectional relationship between those variables. This study was from the point of the support and conflict between interpersonal interaction, focusing on whether looking for support or reducing conflict could improve adolescent subjective well-being better. Taking into account the fact that family system and peer system are two important systems influencing adolescent development, this study aimed to explore the effects of social support and interpersonal conflict on adolescent subjective well-being both in family system and peer system, as well as to examine the gender difference in terms of that influencing mechanism. In this dissertation, the following four studies were conducted from the perspective of family system and peer system through a longitudinal research on 1,881 first-grade Beijing junior high school students: Study 1 explored the mutual effect of family support and subjective well-being, as well as the mutual effect of parental conflict and subjective well-being. Study 2 explored the mutual effect of friend support and subjective well-being, as well as the mutual effect of friend conflict and subjective well-being. Study 3 was based on Study 1 and Study 2, exploring the internal influencing mechanism of family support, parent-child conflict, friend support and friend conflict on adolescent subjective well-being, as well as the gender difference in that mechanism. Study 4 conducted interviews among 28 Beijing junior high school students, in order to dig out some deeper mechanisms and specific reasons behind the effect of support and conflict on adolescent subjective well-being on the perspective of family system and peer system respectively. The main findings of the dissertation are as follows: (1) In terms of family system, family support predicted adolescent subjective well-being one year later significantly and positively, and parent-child conflict predicted adolescent subjective well-being one year later significantly and negatively. In addition, adolescent subjective well-being predicted family support one year later significantly and positively, but cannot predict parent-child conflict one year later. Compared to parent-child conflict, family support predicted adolescent subjective well-being to more extent. (2) In terms of peer system, friend support predicted adolescent subjective well-being one year later significantly and positively, parent-child conflict also predicted adolescent subejective well-being one year later significantly and negatively. Adolescent subjective well-being predicted friend support one year later significantly and positively, but cannot predict friend conflict one year later. Compared to friend conflict, friend support predicted adolescent subjective well-being to more extent. (3) There were some gender differences in terms of the effect of support and conflict on subjective well-being both in family and peer systems. To be more specific, both family support and friend conflict predicted boys’ and girls’ subjective well-being one year later, but friend support predicted subjective well-being one year later only for boys, and parent-child conflict predicted subjective well-being one year later only for girls. Furthermore, family support could alleviate the negative effect of friend conflict on subjective well-being both for boys and girls, which was according to the buffering model. On the other hand, the enhancing model (family support and friend support make interactive effect) only worked for boys. (4) In the interview, it was found that families tend to give adolescents advice on getting along with friends, and mediate friend conflicts to some extent. However, it was difficult for friends to mediating individual’s conflict with parents. Thus, family support could alleviate the negative influence of firend conflict, but friend support could not work as the same.

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网址：查看论文信息 https://klqsh.com/news/view/121520

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