Nuclear Energy Factsheet

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1. U.S. EIA (2023) “Nuclear Explained: U.S. Nuclear Industry.” https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/nuclear/us-nuclear-industry.php

2. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) (2024) Monthly Energy Review  July 2024. https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/

3. U.S. NEA & IAEA (2023) Uranium 2022: Resources, Production, and Demand. https://www.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_79960/uranium-2022-resources-production-and-demand?details=true

4. U.S. NRC (2020) “Uranium Enrichment.” http://www.nrc.gov/materials/fuel-cycle-fac/ur-enrichment.html

5. U.S. EIA (2024) 2023 Uranium Marketing Annual Report. https://www.eia.gov/uranium/marketing/

6. U.S. DOS (2024) Prohibiting Imports of Uranium Products from the Russian Federation. https://www.state.gov/prohibiting-imports-of-uranium-products-from-the-russian-federation/

7. U.S. EIA (2023) “Nuclear Explained: U.S. Nuclear Industry.” https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/nuclear/us-nuclear-industry.php

8. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) (2024) Monthly Energy Review  July 2024. https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/

9. U.S. EIA (2024) International Energy Statistics. https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world

10. IAEA (2024) Small Modular Reactors. https://www.iaea.org/topics/small-modular-reactors

11. IAEA (2023) What are small modular reactors. https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/what-are-small-modular-reactors-smrs

12. Lazard (2024) Lazard's LCOE+ 2024. https://www.lazard.com/media/xemfey0k/lazards-lcoeplus-june-2024-_vf.pdf

13. Eash-Gates, P., et al. (2020) "Sources of Cost Overrun in Nuclear Power Plant Construction Call for a New Approach to Engineering Design." Joule, 4: 2348-2373. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S254243512030458X?dgcid=author#bib19

14. Georgia Power (2024) Vogtle Unit 4 enters commercial operation. https://www.georgiapower.com/company/news-hub/press-releases/vogtle-unit-4-enters-commercial-operation.html

15. Financial Times (2024) Cost overruns and delays risk nuclear’s place in energy transition. https://www.ft.com/content/65e40e41-1a6c-4bc6-b109-610f5de82c09

16. U.S. NRC (2020) Stages of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle https://www.nrc.gov/materials/fuel-cycle-fac/stages-fuel-cycle.html 

17. Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) (2020) “Nuclear Fuel.” https://www.nei.org/fundamentals/nuclear-fuel

18. WNA (2022) “Nuclear Power Reactors.” https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-power-reactors/nuclear-power-reactors.aspx

19. WNA (2024) “Nuclear Fuel Cycle Overview.” http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/introduction/nuclear-fuel-cycle-overview.aspx

20. WNA (2022) “Radioactive Waste Management.” http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-wastes/radioactive-waste-management.aspx

21. Lenzen, M. (2008) "Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions of nuclear energy: A review." Energy Conversion and Management, 49: 2178-2199. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0196890408000575

22. Norgate, T., et al. (2014) "The impact of uranium ore grade on the greenhouse gas footprint of nuclear power." Journal of Cleaner Production, 84:360-367. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652613007981

23. Sovacool, B. K. (2008). Valuing the greenhouse gas emissions from nuclear power: A critical survey. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508001997#aep-section-id39

24. Whitaker, M., et al. (2012) "Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Coal-Fired Electricity Generation." Journal of Industrial Ecology, 16: S53-S72. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00465.x/abstract

25. Macknick, J., et al. (2011) A Review of Operational Water Consumption and Withdrawal Factors for Electricity Generating Technologies. U.S. DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy11osti/50900.pdf

26. Gibon, T., et al. (2017) "Life cycle assessment demonstrates environmental co-benefits and trade-offs of low-carbon electricity supply options." Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76: 1283-1290. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032117304215

27. U.S. DOE, SRNL & PNNL (2022) Spent Nuclear Fuel and Reprocessing Waste Inventory. https://www.pnnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-33938.pdf

28. WNA (2020) "Processing of Used Nuclear Fuel." http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/fuel-recycling/processing-of-used-nuclear-fuel.aspx

29. Werner, J. (2012) U.S. Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage. Congressional Research Service. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42513.pdf

30. U.S. NRC (2019) “Backgrounder on Radioactive Waste.” http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/radwaste.html

31. U.S EPA (2024) "Public Health and Environmental Radiation Protection Standards for Yucca Mountain, Nevada (40 CFR Part 197)". https://www.epa.gov/radiation/public-health-and-environmental-radiation-protection-standards-yucca-mountain-nevada-40

32. U.S. DOE (2008) Analysis of the Total System Life Cycle Cost of the Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Program, Fiscal Year 2007. https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0927/ML092710177.pdf

33. Los Angeles Times (2019) "Americans are paying more than ever to store deadly nuclear waste." https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-radioactive-nuclear-waste-storage-20190614-story.html

34. U.S. DOE (2013) Strategy for the Management and Disposal of Used Nuclear Fuel and High Level Radioactive Waste. http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/Strategy%20for%20the%20Management%20and%20Disposal%20of%20Used%20Nuclear%20Fuel%20and%20High%20Level%20Radioactive%20Waste.pdf

35. NEI (2022) "Used Fuel Storage and Nuclear Waste Fund Payments by State." https://www.nei.org/resources/statistics/used-fuel-storage-and-nuclear-waste-fund-payments 

36. U.S. EPA (2018) "Radiation Sources and Doses." https://www.epa.gov/radiation/radiation-sources-and-doses#dosescommon 

37. WNA (2024) Chernobyl Accident 1986. https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-plants/chernobyl-accident.aspx

38. WNA (2024) Fukushima Daiichi Accident. https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-plants/fukushima-accident.aspx

39. U.S. NRC (2024) Nuclear Insurance and Disaster Relief. https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/nuclear-insurance.html

40. U.S. DOE (2021) DOE Fact Sheet: The Bipartisan Infrastructure Deal Will Deliver For American Workers, Families and Usher in the Clean Energy Future. https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-fact-sheet-bipartisan-infrastructure-deal-will-deliver-american-workers-families-and-0

41. Holt, M. (2014) Nuclear Energy Policy. Congressional Research Service. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33558.pdf

42. U.S. DOE (2022) "Inflation reduction Act Keeps Momentum Building for Nuclear Power." https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/inflation-reduction-act-keeps-momentum-building-nuclear-power

43. U.S. DOE (2021) "Advanced Nuclear Energy Projects Loan Guarantees." https://www.energy.gov/lpo/advanced-nuclear-energy-projects-loan-guarantees

44. U.S. DOE (2024) Biden-Harris Administration Announces $1.5 Billion Conditional Commitment to Holtec Palisades to Support Recommission of Michigan Nuclear Power Plant. https://www.energy.gov/articles/biden-harris-administration-announces-15-billion-conditional-commitment-holtec-palisades

网址：Nuclear Energy Factsheet https://klqsh.com/news/view/137277

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