清华大学学位论文服务系统

利用OneNote的笔记本系统管理学术论文 #生活技巧# #组织技巧# #学习资料管理系统#

在可再生能源应用领域，太阳能光热技术以其丰富的资源量以及简单经济的转换形式，为工业和住宅供热领域能源脱碳做出了突出贡献。然而，太阳能资源的季节性波动与建筑供暖需求波动特征不匹配，导致太阳能采暖系统普遍出现冬季不足，夏季过剩的问题，降低了太阳能清洁供暖技术的经济性和稳定性。基于太阳能采暖供需季节性不匹配这一瓶颈问题，本文从系统的源侧出发，提出季节自适应型太阳能集热器理念和设计优化策略，通过理论、模拟和实验验证揭示了不同构型的集热器光热性能随气象变化的响应规律，并在此基础上研发具有季节自适应型的新型集热器，提出基于供需匹配的季节自适应型集热器的优化设计策略。主要学术贡献如下：（1）提出一种基于特征提取的集热器光热性能通用评估方法。通过同时提取当地气象特征分布以及集热器的光热性能特征曲线，能够直观描述不同构型的光热设备性能随气象特征变化的响应规律，指明基于目标导向的集热器设计优化方向；基于该通用方法对平板及真空管集热器的全年光热性能进行评估，证实了目前商用集热器的全年热输出与建筑负荷波动存在季节性矛盾；明确了“冬增夏减”的季节反向设计目标，并指出集热器光热特征曲线的优化方向。（2）定量评估倒倾角镜面集热器的设计理念及其季节自适应性效果。通过倒倾角横排真空管和底部平面镜耦合的方式，该新型集热器在冬至日最大程度收集热量，在夏至日通过100%自遮挡将集热量将至最低，从而实现冬增夏减的反季节输出。（3）提出非对称复合抛物面聚光器的设计概念。该新型聚光器具有对限定入射角度区间完美聚光，而超出该区间范围的光线完全拒绝的光学特性；通过构型组合设计，新型集热器实现在冬季太阳高度角低于临界角度时，反射板功能为聚光镜，在夏季太阳高度角高于临界角，反射板不再聚光，同时为下排吸热管提供光线遮挡，从而实现冬增夏减的季节性能变化。（4）提出基于供需匹配性的集热器全年性能评估及反向优化设计策略。通过对光热设备热输出曲线与建筑负荷曲线进行无量纲匹配评估，提出冬季不足和夏季过剩的量化指标；进一步，基于非对称复合抛物面聚光型集热器设计参数的灵活性和拓展性，提出基于匹配性指标的新型集热器优化设计路径，为太阳能光热设备根据当地气象以及建筑负荷曲线变化进行相应的优化调整提供指导策略。

In the field of renewable energy applications, solar thermal technology has made outstanding contributions to energy de-carbonization in the field of industrial and residential heating due to its abundant resources and simple and economical conversion forms. However, the seasonal fluctuation of solar energy resources is opposite to the fluctuation of building heating demand, which leads to the general shortage of solar heating in winter and the surplus in summer, which reduces the economy and stability of solar clean heating technology. Based on the bottleneck problem of seasonal mismatch between solar heating supply and demand, this paper proposes the concept and design optimization strategy of seasonal adaptive solar collectors from the source side of the system, and reveals the different configurations of collectors through theoretical, simulation and experimental verification Based on the response law of the solar thermal performance of the heater with the change of the weather, a new type of collector with a seasonal adaptive type is developed, and an optimal design strategy of the seasonal adaptive collector based on the matching of supply and demand is proposed. The content is summarized as follows:(1) A general evaluation method for the photo-thermal performance of collectors based on feature extraction is proposed. By simultaneously extracting the local meteorological characteristic distribution and the solar thermal performance characteristic curve of the collector, this method can intuitively describe the response law of the performance of different configurations of solar thermal equipment with the change of the meteorological characteristics, and indicate the target-oriented design optimization direction of the thermal collector. ; Based on this general method, the annual photo-thermal performance of flat plate and evacuated tube collectors was evaluated, which confirmed the seasonal contradiction between the current annual thermal output of commercial collectors and building load fluctuations; The seasonal reverse design goal of the design and the optimization direction of the solar thermal characteristic curve of the collector are pointed out.(2) Propose the design concept of the mirror surface collector with inverted inclination angle. Through the coupling of the inclined horizontal vacuum tube and the bottom plane mirror, the new collector collects heat to the greatest extent on the winter solstice, and minimizes the heat collection through 100% self-shading on the summer solstice, thus realizing the anti-season of winter increase and summer decrease output. Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification, it is found that compared with the evacuated tube collector with the same area, the heat collection of the inverted mirror surface collector increases by 41.3% in winter and decreases by 50.3% in summer.(3) The design concept of asymmetric compound parabolic concentrator is proposed. The new collector has the optical characteristics of perfectly collecting light in the limited incident angle range, and completely rejecting the light beyond this range. The function of the reflector is a condensing mirror. In summer, the sun altitude angle is higher than the critical angle, the reflector will no longer condense light, and at the same time, it will form a shading effect on the lower heat absorption pipe, so as to realize the seasonal energy change of winter increase and summer decrease; through theoretical analysis and long-term Periodic steady-state comparison experiments confirm that the average optical efficiency of the new collector in August is 0.39 in summer, which is much lower than that of commercial collectors, and the average optical efficiency in December is 0.7, which is higher than that of commercial collectors.(4) The annual performance evaluation and reverse optimization design strategy of solar thermal system based on supply and demand matching is proposed. Through the dimensionless matching evaluation of the thermal output curve of the solar thermal equipment and the building load curve, quantitative indicators of winter shortage and summer excess are proposed; further, based on the flexibility and expandability of the design parameters of the asymmetric compound parabolic concentrator, the An optimal design path for a new type of collector based on matching index is proposed, which provides a guiding strategy for the corresponding optimization and adjustment of solar thermal equipment according to local weather and building load curve changes.

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