情绪调节的理论观点、相关模型及其展望

《情绪的五级理论》- 从初级到高级的情绪管理模型 #生活技巧# #情绪调节技巧# #情绪管理书籍#

情绪调节近年来获得许多研究的关注，呈现跨学科趋势，但对其内涵仍存在争议。本文首先评述了情绪调节研究领域内两种典型的观点——单因素观和双因素观，然后对目前盛行的Gross的情绪调节过程模型进行述评，并从神经科学出发着重于Ochsner的情绪认知控制模型。未来可基于发展观采用观测和经验取样测量开展纵向研究，加强多水平的神经生物学研究，和情绪调节中个体差异的分子遗传研究。

Abstract

Emotion regulation, which belongs to an important aspect of social development during early childhood and adolescence, is a critical mechanism of mental development for normal and abnormal individuals. Now emotion regulation takes on an interdisciplinary trend and has recently attracted widespread attention of many researchers. However, its definition and neural mechanism is still unclear. The review includes three parts as follows. In the first part, we reviewed two typical views in the field of emotion regulation, one-factor and two-factor approaches. One-factor approach proposes that emotion generation and emotion regulation are two distinct processes; researchers first induce emotion and then study the process of emotion regulation. In contrast, two-factor approach propose that emotion generation and emotion regulation is an inseparable phenomenon, produce and end simultaneously; emotion regulation occurs in all levels of emotion-generation processes. In the second part, we focused on Gross’s process model of emotion regulation, and stressed Ochsner’s cognitive control model of emotion from neuroscience. In Gross’s process model, individual difference emerges in five sub-processes: contextual selection, contextual modification, attention deployment, cognitive change, and response modulation; these processes form a continuum from effortful, controllable, and deliberate regulation to effortless, automatic, and unconscious regulation. In Ochsner’s cognitive control model, emotions originate from the interaction of multiple evaluation systems, bottom-up and/or top-down, including description-based appraisal system and outcome-based appraisal system. The neural correlates refer to the response evaluation system (e.g., amygdale, nucleus accumbens, insula) and the regulation system (e.g., prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex). In the third part, future researches should apply observation and experience sampling to carry out longitudinal studies, make neurobiological researches at multiple levels, and conduct molecular genetics of individual difference in emotion regulation.

关键词

情绪 /调节 /认知控制 /神经科学

Key words

emotion /regulation /cognitive control /neuroscience

张文海 卢家楣.情绪调节的理论观点、相关模型及其展望[J]. 心理科学. 2012, 35(6): 1474-1477

Theoretical views, Relevant Models and Prospects in Emotion regulation[J]. Journal of Psychological Science. 2012, 35(6): 1474-1477

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